As the elections to the U.P. Legislative Assembly draw near, political pundits are speculating that a lot will depend on how the Muslims vote. As political parties rush to woo the Muslim voter, there is a sense of something missing. And then it strikes! The fatwas or religious diktats to Muslim voters haven’t been pronounced yet. Rahat Indori’s couplet comes to mind:
سب کو رسوا باری باری کیا کرو
ہر موسم میں فتوے جاری کیا کرو
“sab ko rusvā baarī baarī kiyā karo
har mausam meñ fatve jaarī kiyā karo”
(Insult each person in turn, issue a new fatwa every season)
It’s the season for fatwas, whose turn is it? Last year, Ahmed Bukhari, the imam of the Jama Masjid in New Delhi, declared that the Samajadi Party had betrayed Muslims and declared that he would campaign against them. Over the course of the year, Bukhari has been making noises questioning the Samajwadi Party on what it has delivered for the Muslims of U.P. As one cringes waiting for the fatwa to fall, a brief look at this election time phenomenon is in order. In the 2004 general elections, Bukhari had urged Muslims to vote for the BJP led by Atal Bihari Vajpayee. In the 2007 elections in U.P., he campaigned against the Samajwadi Party but in 2012 he forged an alliance with the SP the terms of which included a ticket for his son-in-law to contest the elections. In the 2014 general election, he backed the Congress having denounced it several times earlier. In the run up to the elections in Delhi, Bukhari issued a fatwa to the Muslim voters to vote for the Aam Aadmi Party. The AAP rejected his offer of support claiming it was an attempt to communalise the atmosphere and suggested that the fatwa was the result of ‘resonance’ between Bukhari and the Bhartiya Janata Party. Arvind Kejriwal pointed at the alacrity with which the BJP held a press conference denouncing this as AAP’s attempt to polarise the vote, a polarisation which incidentally, as the Lok Sabha elections had already shown, only benefits the BJP. The fact that in 2004 Ahmed Bukhari had campaigned for the BJP only strengthens the possibility of such resonance.
The question that begs to be asked is, who is this seemingly vacillating individual known for election time volte faces who goes by the presumptuous title of ‘Shahi Imam’? To begin with, the Jama Masjid itself has no special religious significance. Even in the Mughal era when it was built, it was at best the Emperor’s mosque and as such, its significance was temporal. The imam of that mosque was appointed by the Emperor and the significance of his position was also merely temporal as it signified only his affinity to power. After the end of Empire, when the position of the Shah itself came to be abolished, it is ironic that someone claiming descent from the appointee of the erstwhile Shah should call himself by the presumptuous title of ‘Shahi Imam’ and stake a claim to spiritual and political leadership.
The fact that at a time when the Shah’s descendants themselves have faded into ignominy, anyone who claims to have descended from the imam of the Shah’s mosque can stake a claim to leadership of the community and find any takers is indicative of how severe the crisis of leadership within the Muslim community is. The position of imam of a mosque is neither a title nor a position of spiritual leadership in Islam. It is a service that is limited to leading namaz five times a day in that mosque. The imam’s of all mosques in Delhi are employees of the Waqf Board and no spiritual or political significance is attached to them, and for good reason. In fact, upon evaluation, all these imams would, if anything, carry greater religious significance than Bukhari on account of their having been employed on the basis of merit and religious learning rather than some superfluous claim of descent.
Recently, Ahmed Bukhari, who is himself an employee of the Waqf Board, held an elaborate ceremony to ‘annoint’ his son as naib or deputy imam and his successor to the imamat. Ironically, sunnis who historically parted ways with the shias on account of their opposition to Hazrat Ali’s succession as the first caliph after the demise of the Prophet on the ground that it would propagate the rule of primogeniture which was un-Islamic, turned up in thousands to witness as one imam claiming the right to lead prayers from descent instead of learning ‘vested’ that right in his son. No reference was made throughout to the son having had any religious learning and it was only helpfully suggested that he was pursuing a degree of Bachelor of Social Work at Amity University and had an inclination towards humanities. The Delhi High Court hearing three petitions challenging the ceremony held that the ceremony would vest no right in Bukhari’s son and issued notice on the petitions which challenged the anointment ceremony as well as the continuation of Ahmed Bukhari himself in the position of imam as illegal. The matter is now sub judice and the Court has asked the Delhi Waqf Board to explain why it has not exercised any rights or supervision over the Jama Masjid and why it has allowed Ahmed Bukhari to appropriate all earnings from the Jama Masjid and not taken any action against failure to render accounts of such earnings by Bukhari despite earlier Court orders to the contrary.
More than anything else, elections are a good time for the Indian Muslim community to introspect on the primary crisis facing them; the crisis of leadership. Religion hasn’t given them, particularly the sunnis constituting the majority amongst Muslims, a pope. A scattered demography hasn’t left them with meaningful representation in Parliament and in State Assemblies. And unfortunately for India’s Muslims, the miniscule class of intellectuals that their limited access to the mainstream allows them are too busy declaring their agnosticism, trying to distance themselves from their regressive brethren and making themselves culturally indistinguishable from their non-Muslims social peers. This leaves the field open for petty brawlers and rabble rousers, imams of religiously insignificant but historically prominent mosques and teachers at seminaries with cloistered ideas to swoop in to make what they can of the opportunity offered by the vacuum. Unless Muslims can act soon to get their house in order, they will deserve the ‘Shahi Imam’ they get.
Nizam Pasha
Note: A version of this article appeared in DailyO on January 16, 2017
